Ngā kōrero whakamataku mō te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere me te take me huri tātou
Mā te tirohanga whānui ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua wheketere ka kitea ngā āhuatanga huna o te pūnaha kai o te ao, e whakatairangahia ana te whai huatanga i runga ake i te oranga kararehe me te taurite koiora. Ko te tukino kararehe huna i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere te kaupapa matua o tēnei tauira ahumahi, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakahē hohonu o te matatika me te taiao, me te whakaatu i tētahi raruraru o te ao e whakawehi ana i ngā pūnaha rauropi me te whakaiti i ngā rauemi taiao nui.
I raro i te mata o te ahumahi, ko te tūkino kararehe te hua tino puku engari he whānui o te whakaputanga papatipu, e whakaitihia ana ngā mea ora ki ngā waeine whakaputa noa iho. Ka horapa atu tēnei momotu mai i te taiao ki te ao tūmatanui, kei reira te hononga uaua i waenga i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere me te hauora tangata e piki haere ana ngā mōrearea mā roto i ngā tūmomo mōrearea kararehe me te poke o te taiao. I a tātou e anga atu ana ki ēnei ngoikoretanga pūnaha, ko te kaupapa tahi ki te whakamutu i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere ka hipa atu i te mahi noa iho—ka noho hei whainga nui mō tētahi pūnaha kai e ahu mai ana i te māramatanga, te hauora o te ao, me te tika whakaora.
Ko te pono huna i muri i te mahi pāmu kararehe o te UK - e whakaatu ana i te tata ki te 100 ngā whare puta noa i te UK, ā, kāore anō kia kitea ngā kiriata.
He aha te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere?
Ko te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā mahi whāngai kararehe kukū (CAFO), he tikanga ahumahi hou mō te whakatipu kararehe — e kiia ana ko te kararehe — me te whāinga matua kia whakanuia te whakaputa me te whakaiti i ngā utu. E whakaarohia ana e tēnei pūnaha tino kaha ngā kararehe hei wae whakaputa kaua ki ngā mea ora, me te whakatairanga i te hua ki runga ake i te oranga, te pumau, ngā tikanga matatika rānei.
I roto i ngā pāmu wheketere, he tini ngā kararehe pēnei i te kau, te poaka, te heihei, me te ika e herea ana ki ngā wāhi kapi, kī tonu i te tangata, ā, e pau ana ō rātou oranga katoa me te kore e whiwhi i te rā, i te hau hou, me ngā whanonga taiao. He maha ngā wā kāore i te akuaku ngā āhuatanga, kāore he painga o te taiao, ā, ka nui te mamae tinana me te hinengaro. I ētahi wā, kāore te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere e herea noa ki te mahi kai - ka whakatipuria hoki ngā kararehe pēnei i te mink mō ō rātou huruhuru, ā, ka mau tonu te here me te kore aro.
I roto i te rautau kua taha ake nei, kua huri te ahuwhenua kararehe mai i ngā pāmu iti, whānau-ā-whare ki tētahi pūnaha ahumahi nui, e tere ana, e whai hua ana hoki. Ko ngā kararehe i kai noa i ngā parae tuwhera i mua, kua tākaihia inaianei ki ngā mano tini – i ētahi wā he miriona – ki roto i ngā whare whakarewa nui, kua whiua ki te noho herehere. Nā te whakatipuranga whiriwhiri mō te hua nui kua hangaia ngā kararehe he tinana nui me ngā tere tipu rerekē, he maha ngā wā ka uaua ki te hikoi, ki te tū rānei. Hei pupuri i a rātou kia ora i roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka whakawhirinaki nui ngā pāmu wheketere ki ngā paturopi, ka whakapiki ake i te riri o te ao mō ngā "superbugs" ātete rongoā
Ia tau, neke atu i te 100 piriona kararehe puta noa i te ao e patua ana mō te mīti, te miraka, me ētahi atu hua kararehe. Haunga te nui o te mamae e kore e taea te whakaaro, ka whakangarohia hoki te taiao e te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere — ka whai wāhi ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, te parahanga wai me te hau, ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, me te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora. Heoi anō, ko ngā āhuatanga kīkī me te paru o ngā pāmu ahumahi he tūponotanga nui ki te mate urutā, he wāhi pai mō te whakatipuranga o ngā mate pipiri.
Kua huri te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere hei raruraru ā-ao — he raruraru e pā ana ki ngā kararehe, ehara i te mea ko te hauora o tō tātou ao me te tangata anō hoki.
Ngā Tohutoro
- https://www.who.int/news/item/07-11-2017-stop-using-antibiotics-in-healthy-animals-to-prevent-the-spread-of-antibiotic-resistance
- https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/billions-of-chickens-ducks-and-pigs-are-slaughtered-for-meat-every-year
- https://www.worldanimalprotection.org.uk/latest/news/overuse-antibiotics-uk-factory-farms-deaths/
- https://sentientmedia.org/how-many-animals-are-killed-for-food-every-day/
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/6/621
Te maha o ngā tāngata i mate i ia tau
E 83 piriona ngā kararehe whenua e patua ana hei mīti, me ngā tiriona ika me ngā kaimoana. Anei ngā whakatau tata mō te maha o ngā kararehe e patua ana i ia tau puta noa i te ao, e wehewehea ana e ngā kararehe whenua me ngā kararehe wai, me ngā puna:
Ngā kararehe whenua
Heihei – 75,208,676,000
Hipi me ngā Reme – 637,269,688
Kau – 308,640,252
Tāki – 515,228,000
Tārera – 3,190,336,000
504,135,884
– 1,491,997,360
Hōiho – 4,650,017
Kākā me te Manu Kīni – 750,032,000
Rāpeti – 533,489,000
Ngā kararehe wai (ika me ētahi atu)
Ika Whakatipu – 124 piriona
Ika Mohoao – 1.1 ki te 2.2 tiriona
Ngā pāpaka whakatipu – 253 ki te 605 piriona
Ngā Kōpaka Mohoao – He maha ngā tiriona
Ngā Tohutoro
- https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
- https://fishcount.org.uk/fish-count-estimates-2/numbers-of-farmed-decapod-crustaceans
- https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/farm-animal-welfare/fish-welfare/
- https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/billions-of-chickens-ducks-and-pigs-are-slaughtered-for-meat-every-year
He aha i kino ai te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere?
Ko te tukino huna i ngā kararehe i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua wheketere ka pā kino ki ngā kararehe, ki te tangata, me te aorangi. I muri i te whai huatanga o ngā ahumahi me te iti o te utu whakaputa, ko ngā tikanga kaha e aro ana ki te moni whiwhi ka whakamataku i te oranga o ngā kararehe, ka kino ngā rauropi, ka hanga hoki i ngā mōrearea nui ki te hauora tūmatanui—ka waiho te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere hei mahi kore e mau tonu, hei mahi matatika hoki mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.
Te oranga kararehe
Ko te rapunga whakaaro me ngā ture mō te oranga kararehe e ahu mai ana i Ngā Herekoretanga e Rima, e whakamārama ana i ngā āhuatanga matua mō te oranga o te kararehe:
- Te herekore i te hiakai me te matewai – te urunga atu ki te wai māori me te kai hei pupuri i te hauora me te kaha.
- Te herekore i te mamae – te whakarato i tētahi taiao e tika ana, tae atu ki te whakaruruhau me tētahi wāhi okiokinga whakamarie.
- Te herekore i te mamae, i te whara, i te mate rānei – te ārai, te tere rānei o te tautuhi me te maimoatanga.
- Te herekore ki te whakapuaki i ngā whanonga noa – he nui te wāhi, he tika ngā whare, me te noho tahi me te kararehe o te momo.
- Te herekore i te wehi me te pāwera – te whakarite i ngā āhuatanga me ngā maimoatanga hei karo i te mamae hinengaro.
Ka tino whakararu te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere i te oranga o ngā kararehe mā te aukati i ngā kararehe ki te whakaatu i ō rātou whanonga tūturu me te whakatutuki i te oranga taketake. Nā ngā āhuatanga kino o ngā pāmu ahumahi noa, kāore e taea e ngā kararehe te wheako i tētahi o ngā Herekoretanga e Rima. Kāore i te whakaaetia ngā poaka ki te whai pakiaka ki te oneone, ki te takahuri rānei i roto i te paru, kāore i te whakaaetia ngā kau miraka ki te whāngai i ā rātou kuao, ā, kāore e taea e ngā parera te kaukau, te whāngai, te tākaro rānei i te wai pērā i tā rātou mahi tūturu.
Ko ngā pūnaha herenga kaha, pērā i ngā whare herehere mō ngā heihei, ngā pouaka hapu rānei mō ngā poaka, ka aukati i te nekehanga me te kore e whakaatu i ā rātou whanonga katoa. Ko ngā tikanga noa pērā i te tango ngutu, te tango hiku, me ētahi atu tapahi i ngā ūpoko ka puta he mamae mau tonu, engari he maha ngā wā ka mahia me te kore e aroturukitia, e tiakina rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, ka pāngia ngā kararehe e te ahotea roa, te mamae, me te rawakore, e whakaatu ana i ngā āwangawanga matatika me te oranga.
Pānga ki te taiao
Ko te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere tētahi o ngā tūmomo mōrearea nui rawa atu ki te oranga tonutanga o te taiao o te ao. He tino take nui tēnei ki ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, e 20% pea o ngā tukunga o te ao, ā, he tino take nui hoki tēnei o te huringa āhuarangi. He tino nui te whakamahi rauemi i tēnei pūnaha, e pau ana te nui o te wai, te whenua, me te pūngao hei oranga mō ngā kararehe me te whakatipu i te nui o te kai e hiahiatia ana e rātou.
Ka puta hoki te parahanga nui i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua kararehe ā-umanga, ka poke i ngā awa, i te oneone, me te hau. Ko te rerenga mai i te paru me ngā hua kua whakawairakautia ka hua ake te puāwaitanga o te rimurimu, ka whakaiti i te hāora i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, ka whakangaro hoki i te kanorau koiora. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakaputanga kai nui ka whakanui i te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, ka whakangaro i ngā nohoanga tūturu, ka tere ake te ngaronga o ngā kararehe mohoao.
He nui whakaharahara te rahi o ngā para: ka taea e te poaka kotahi te whakaputa i te 1.5 tana o te paru kararehe i ia tau, ā, ko te para nui mai i ngā mahi kararehe ka whakapokea te whenua me te wai.
He pūnaha kore e mau tonu, he pūnaha whakangaro taiao hoki te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere, e akiaki ana i te huringa āhuarangi, te hinganga o ngā pūnaha rauropi, me te mimiti haere o ngā rauemi taiao nui, ā, koia tētahi o ngā wero taiao tino nui o tō tātou wā.
Ngā take hauora tangata
He nui ngā tūponotanga kino o te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere ki te hauora o te tangata mō te hunga e tata ana, mō te hunga hoki e tawhiti ana. Mā te pupuri i ngā kararehe ki ngā wāhi kīkī ka māmā ake te whanaketanga me te horapa o ngā mate, tae atu ki ngā mea ka horapa mai i ngā kararehe ki te tangata. Nā ēnei āhuatanga kua ara ake ngā pakarutanga pēnei i te rewharewha manu me te rewharewha poaka, ā, ka kino ake pea ngā mate urutā a meake nei i te COVID-19.
Ko tētahi atu take nui ko te whakamahinga nui o ngā paturopi i roto i te whakatipu kararehe. Tata ki te 75 ōrau o ngā paturopi katoa o te ao e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kararehe pāmu, ko te nuinga hei aukati i te mate i roto i ngā āhuatanga kīkī me te ahotea. Mā tēnei whakamahinga nui rawa ka tere ake te ātete ki ngā paturopi, ka nui ake pea te tūponotanga hauora i te mate pukupuku i te tau 2050.
Ka puta hoki ngā tūponotanga mō te hauora o te taiao i ngā pāmu wheketere. Ka tāpirihia e te rerenga para me te parahanga o te hau ngā paitini pērā i te haukini ki te wai, ki te oneone, me te hau, ka pā mai pea ngā raruraru manawa me ētahi atu raruraru hauora mō te wā roa. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka poke te mīti mai i ēnei pāmu i ngā huakita pērā i te Salmonella me te E. coli, ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā kaihoko.
Ngā Tohutoro
- https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/04/1037471
- https://thehumaneleague.org/article/what-is-a-cafo?utm_medium=blog&ms=c_blog
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9757169/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12304651/
- https://www.farmsanctuary.org/issue/public-health/
- https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/07/what-is-environmental-racism-pollution-covid-systemic/
- https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food
Te Whakatoi Kararehe: Ngā Mahi Kino ki te Mahi Ahuwhenua o te Wheketere
I ngā pāmu wheketere, kāore ngā kararehe e ora tonu—kei te noho tonu rātou. Mai i te wā i whānau ai rātou, he iti, he mana whakahaere tō rātou ao, he iti noa te wāhi hei neke, hei tūhura, hei whanonga rānei e ai ki tā rātou e hiahia ai. Ko ia wāhanga o tō rātou oranga kua whakaritea mō te tere me te putanga, ehara i te whakamarie, te oranga rānei. He tere rawa te tipu, he iti rawa te nekeneke, ā, he tere te tukatuka, hei wāhanga o te pūnaha e whakanui ana i te whai huatanga i runga ake i te wheako o te mea ora.
Te Herenga me te Hauora Kararehe
Ina puritia ngā kararehe ki roto i ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua kua herea rawatia, ka heke te hauora o rātou, ā, ka nui ake i te mate noa iho. Ko te iti o te wāhi, te kore o te whakaohooho, me te herenga tinana tonu ka whakararu i ō rātou tinana me ō rātou hinengaro. I roto i te wā, ka puta mai tēnei ahotea hei whara, hei mate, hei mamae tonu hoki.
Ko ngā heihei parai, i whakatipuria kia tere te tipu, he maha ngā wā ka uaua ki te tautoko i ō rātou ake taumaha, ka mamae ai ngā waewae, ka pēhia hoki ō rātou ngākau. Kāore e taea e ngā poaka whāngai e mauheretia ana i roto i ngā pouaka whakarewa te huri, te kōhanga rānei, ā, he maha ngā kau e whakawhanake ana i ngā whanonga ahotea auau, ngā mate, me ngā mate pēhanga mamae. Ko ngā kau miraka e nohoia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha kaha te mamae i te kopa me te mastitis, ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō rātou nekenekehanga, te whakamarie, me te kounga whānui o te oranga.
Ngā Whakangaromanga Auau
I roto i te maha o ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua kaha, ka whakamahia tonutia ngā tapahi tinana hei whakahaere i ngā whanonga i puta mai i ngā āhuatanga kīkī, ahotea, me te pāpaku. Ko ngā mahi pēnei i te kutikuti i te ngutu, te tango i te hiku, me te whakawātea i te kararehe ka mahia i te wā taitamariki, he maha ngā wā kāore he whakamoe. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka puta te mamae tonu i ēnei tikanga, ā, i ētahi wā, he mamae roa nā te kino o te io. Ko te mea nui, kāore e aro ki ngā pūtake o ngā whanonga—te iti o te wāhi, te korenga o te whakarei ake, me te kōwhiringa ira e aro ana ki te hua kaua ki te oranga.
Hei tauira, ko te whāinga o te kutikuti ngutu i roto i ngā heihei he whakaiti i te whatu kino e pā ana ki te hoha me te kīkī, ahakoa he tino tairongo te ngutu. Ko te kutikuti hiku i roto i ngā poaka me ngā kau miraka ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i ngā whanonga e pā ana ki te ahotea, i ngā āwangawanga akuaku rānei, ahakoa ka mamae, ā, he iti noa te painga ina pai ake te whare. He mea noa tonu te tango i te ure me te kore e whakamamae i te mamae, ā, ka roa pea te mamae. Mō ngā momo momo, ko te whakarato i te wāhi nui ake, te whakaohooho, me te whakahaere pai ake ka whakaiti i ngā whanonga raruraru, ka whakaiti hoki i te hiahia mō ngā tikanga whakaeke.
Te whakahaere ira
Nā te whakatipu uri whiriwhiri kua akiakihia ngā kararehe pāmu kia tere ake te tipu, kia nui ake te miraka, kia nui ake rānei ngā hua manu e whānau ana—engari he maha ngā wā ka nui te utu mō ō rātou hauora me te oranga. Hei tauira, ka tere te piki o te taumaha o ngā heihei parai, ā, ka uaua ki ō rātou waewae, ō rātou ngākau, me ō rātou pūnaha io te pupuri i te taumaha, ka puta te mamae me ngā raruraru hauora. Ka pāngia ngā kau miraka hua nui me ngā heihei whānau hua e ngā wero ōrite, mai i ngā mate pūnaha io ki ngā wheua pakarukaru. Ahakoa ka taea e te whakatipu uri te whakaiti i ētahi tikanga mamae, pērā i te tango i ngā haona, ko te arotahi ki te hua nui ka waiho ngā kararehe kia ngoikore me te whakaraerae, ā, ko ngā taupori kapi, ōrite ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te pakarutanga o te mate—e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te hiahia ki te whai hua ka pāngia ngā kararehe tonu.
Hei whakamutunga, e whakaatu ana tēnei Tirohanga Whānui mō te Ahuwhenua Wheketere i ngā hua matatika, taiao, me te hauora o te ahuwhenua kararehe ahumahi. Ehara i te mea he take tawhiti noa te tukino kararehe huna i roto i te ahuwhenua wheketere—e pā ana ki ngā miriona kararehe i ia rā, ā, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakangaromanga taiao, te huringa āhuarangi, me te pikinga o ngā mōrearea hauora mō te tangata. Mā te mārama ki ēnei meka whakamataku mō te ahuwhenua wheketere, ka kite tātou he aha tēnei pūnaha ehara i te mea he kino anake engari he kore e pumau mō te heke mai o tō tātou ao.
Ko te mōhio ki te tukino kararehe: ko ngā mahi nanakia ki te ahuwhenua wheketere me ngā take he kino te ahuwhenua wheketere te taahiraa tuatahi ki te huringa. Mā te tautoko i ngā huarahi matatika, te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te mīti ahumahi, me te tono kaupapa here pai ake mō te oranga kararehe ka āwhina i te whakarerekē i te pūnaha kai o te ao. He mea nui ia kōwhiringa—mā te aro atu ki ngā kino huna o te ahuwhenua wheketere, ka taea e tātou te tiaki i ngā kararehe, te tiaki i te hauora o te tangata, me te tiaki i te taiao mō ngā whakatipuranga e haere ake nei.
Me pēhea tā tātou whakamutu i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere?
Me mahi ngā kāwanatanga, ngā pakihi, me ngā tāngata takitahi ki te whakamutu i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere.
Me whakakore ngā kāwanatanga i ngā pūnaha here kino, me whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga nui o ngā paturopi, me te huri i ngā tahua ahuwhenua ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua pumau me ngā mahi ahuwhenua tipu. Mā ngā ture taiao kaha ake me te māramatanga o ngā tapanga kai ka taea hoki te akiaki i ngā huringa whai tikanga.
He mahi nui anō tā ngā pakihi — mā te whakapau kaha ki ngā paerewa oranga kararehe teitei ake, te whakaiti i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki te mīti ahumahi, me te haumi ki ngā momo kai rerekē e ahu mai ana i ngā tipu me ngā mīti i whakatōkia.
I te taumata takitahi, ka taea e te tangata te whai pānga nui mā te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i tā rātou kai i ngā hua ahuwhenua mai i te wheketere, te tautoko i ngā waitohu kai matatika, me te tono kia whakahoutia ngā kaupapa here.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara i te mea ko te tiaki i ngā kararehe anake te kaupapa o te whakamutu i te mahi ahuwhenua wheketere — engari ko te tiaki i te hauora o te marea, te whakaora i ngā rauropi, me te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha kai tika, pumau hoki mō te katoa.
